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小学识字课堂教学模式的构建 |
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| 小学识字课堂教学模式的构建 |
| [ 作者：向建明 | 转贴自：本站原创 | 点击数：748 | 更新时间：2009-10-21 | 文章录入：向建民 ] |
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小学识字课堂教学模式的构建</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">重庆市万州区教育科学研究所</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">向建明</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、目的意义</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（一）识字要求与识字效果失衡</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《语文课程标准》的“阶段目标”中对第一学段（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年级）“识字与写字”有如下要求——“喜欢学习汉字，有主动识字的愿望。”“认识常用汉字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1600~1800</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个，其中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">800~1000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个会写。”“初步感受汉字的形体美。”“养成正确的写字姿势和良好的写字习惯，书写规范、端正、整洁。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现状：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2009</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，我区对农村</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">48</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所小学中抽取</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右二年级学生，进行了识字质量的专项测试，其效果不容乐观。主要问题是：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．识字任务基本不能完成。学生的平均识字量只占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">65%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右，个别农村完小的识字量只在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">40%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．写字的问题更是突出。生字书写（听写）的正确率只占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">45%;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多数学生写字不规范，不端正：有的写得十分潦草，有的大，有的小。有的甚至用圆珠笔书写，等等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种识字教学效果，何以全面培养学生的语文素养，何以推进素质教育</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">!?<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">识字研究与识字课堂不同步。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">建国以来，小学语文教学改革多彩多姿，思想非常活跃。特别是识字教学改革尤其活跃，取得的成果最为突出。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代，在识字教学的理论研究和经验总结方面，取得了突出的成果，形成了“集中识字”和“分散识字”两种识字教学方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1978</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年以来，广大小学语文教学工作者在集中识字、分散识字试验的基础上，根据儿童的认知特点，按照汉字字音、字形和字义的某些规律，创造出了注音识字、字理识字、韵语识字、字簇文识字、“汉标”识字等多种多样识字教学法。现代信息技术的迅速发展和普及也为识字教学改革提供了新的思路和手段，我国的识字教学改革呈现出百花齐放、百家争鸣的繁荣局面。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">各种识字教学方法都依据一定的学理形成了自身的特点，因而也都能够产生一定的效果。其<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">主要贡献是：</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、更新了汉字教育观念。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">各种识字教学研究的共性特点是：都在追求一个共同目标——尽量缩减识字时间，尽早让学生进入阅读和写作。其意义是：在母语学习环境中，只要方法得当，小学生两年基本可以过识字关。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、丰富了识字教学经验。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“先认后写、多认少写”；第一学段要求“认识常用汉字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1600</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1800</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个”等，都为《语文课程标准》的制定和识字教材的编写提供了理论支持与方法指导。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“分散随文识字、归类集中识字、韵文朗读识字”等，为广大一线教师提供了丰厚的方法支持。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但是，据我的观察：大面积的识字教学课堂，特别是广大农村及边远贫困地区的识字课堂教学，仍处于低效状态，识字教学少慢差费的现象极为严重。主要表现在：</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、教学无章法。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特别是部分村小教师，识字教学的基本套路不熟悉，任务不明确，教学无重点、难点。结果是，学生该认的字认不到，改写的字写不来、写不好。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、教学方式陈旧。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先，很多教师不能根据具体教材特点、教学内容，确定相应的教学方法；其次，教学缺乏科学性，教学程序，教学结构的安排，违背了学生的认知规律，音、形、义总想一步到位，高耗低效的课堂教学无法遏制。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">思考：</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为甚麽我们的识字教学的研究形式多样，内容丰富，成果丰厚，而我们大面积的一线教师，一线课堂就是没有<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">分享</B>到（或没有充分分享到）这些成果带来的恩惠？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上是我多年的困惑与思考！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基于长期从事识字教学研究，不断运用与反思各项研究成果和经验的基础上，我<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">认为：</B></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大面积识字教学课堂都缺乏“识字课堂教学技术”的支持，更缺乏大面积学科教师容易掌握，便于操作的课堂教学技术的载体——识字课堂教学模式。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、对现行识字教材的分析</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现行人教版、苏教版、北师大版、西师大版等大多数小学语文识字教材，其呈现方式，大体可分为<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">三类</B>：一是随课文分散识字（<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">短文阅读识字</B>），二是<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">归类集中识字</B>，三是<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">韵语识字</B>。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（一）随课文分散识字（短文阅读识字）</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学生边阅读边识字，注重“字不离词，词不离句”的识字教学原则，通过阅读这一途径，把识字、理解词句、朗读、说话训练有机地结合起来，有利于识字教学音、形、义的结合，体现了在语言环境中识字的教学思想，学生既学会了生字，也读懂了课文。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教材选文特点：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、贴近儿童生活，富有鲜明的时代气息；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、<div style="position: absolute; top: -999px;left: -999px;">
<a href=http://www.china-zikao.com/ >广东外语外贸大学自考</a>
<a href=http://www.china-zikao.com/ >华南农业大学自考</a>
<a href=http://www.china-zikao.com/ >广东商学院自考</a>
<a href=http://www.zikao5678.com/jinandaxue/ >暨南大学自考</a>
</div>具有丰富的文化内涵，语言典范，文质兼美；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、短文题材、体裁丰富多样。如童话、散文、故事、寓言、科普文等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这些短文既有利于培养学生的阅读兴趣，也为学生识字搭建了较好的平台。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 18.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（二）</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">归类</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">集中识字。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要是运用汉字构字规律及相关事物进行归类识字，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我国传统的识字教学形式。根据汉字的构字规律，施行先识字后阅读，把识字和阅读暂时分开，防止了因识字和阅读任务并列而分散精力；有利于充分运用汉字的构字规律，让学生通过比较、类推、举一反三，加快识字的步伐；</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教学任务单一，教学重点突出。教材的呈现方式</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要有：基本字带字（加一加、减一减等）、形声字归类、反义词与近义词归类等，还有如：场地归类、商品归类、动植物归类、图文归类等。此类识字教材，既提供了识字内容，又提供了识字方法，便于教学。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（三）</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">韵语识字：</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">句式整齐、通俗易懂、合辙押韵、短小精悍的符合儿童特点的韵语，作为儿童的识字教材，学生通过诵读这些韵文时记忆并掌握字词。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教材的呈现方式</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要有：儿歌、谚语、三字经、短语组合、对联等（人教版、西师大版等中的“识字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、识字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、识字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3----</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。这些韵语便于学生诵读和识记，学生在琅琅诵读中记住汉字，理解字词义。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三、识字课堂教学模式的构建</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（一）指导思想</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、模式是课堂教学技术的载体，应直接传递先进的教学思想，科学的教学方法，优化的课堂教学技术，以实现课堂教学的高效率。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、模式应具有广泛的群众性和可操作性，能让大面积的学科教师能学会用，以推动大面积课堂教学质量的有效提升。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.47"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、模式不能限制教师的创造精神，既要给教师提供创造的思路，又要为教师留下创新的空间，使课堂教学既有张力，又有活力。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 11.8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: .98"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（二）两种识字教材课堂教学模式（见“实践探索”栏目）</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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